As opposed to Local tests the Instrumentation Tests run on an actual Android device or emulator.

💡 Similarily to unit vs E2E tests

Android Test Orchestrator ​

A tool provided by Android JUnit Runner. When you create an Android project, there is a line in the app module build.gradle file that specifies the instrumentation runner.

// build.gradle (Module)
defaultConfig {
	testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}

Test Orchestrator allows you to run tests with Instrumentation